Which term describes low muscle tone?

• A. Atrophy
• B. Hypotonia
• C. Fasciculations
• D. Myotonia

Answer: (B)

The term that describes low muscle tone is hypotonia. Hypotonia is characterized by decreased muscle tension and a reduced ability of muscles to contract. This often results in a floppy appearance in affected individuals and can lead to difficulties with motor control and coordination. In children, hypotonia can be observed during developmental assessments, as it may affect their ability to achieve developmental milestones related to motor skills.

Atrophy refers to the decrease in muscle size due to disuse or disease, which is distinct from the concept of muscle tone. Fasciculations are involuntary muscle contractions and twitches, often associated with nerve damage or disorders, while myotonia is a condition where there is delayed relaxation of the muscles after contraction. Thus, hypotonia is the specific term used for low muscle tone, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.